A structured set of questions intended to guide the collection of answers from end-users. Questionnaires provide detailed control over order, presentation, phraseology and grouping to allow coherent, consistent data collection.

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

An Extension

Information captured by the author/maintainer of the questionnaire for development purposes, not intended to be seen by users.

Allows capture of todos, rationale for design decisions, etc.

Variable specifying a logic to generate a variable for use in subsequent logic. The name of the variable will be added to FHIRPath's context when processing descendants of the element that contains this extension as well as extensions within the same element.

Ordering of variable extension declarations is significant as variables declared in one repetition of this extension might be used in subsequent extension repetitions

For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The media type of the language for the expression.

Resources that provide context for form processing logic (pre-population, flow-control, drop-down selection, etc.) when creating/displaying/editing a QuestionnaireResponse.

3 of these launch contexts are aligned with the existing SMART on FHIR "launch" contexts.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The identifier that is used to identify this version of the questionnaire when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or instance. This is an arbitrary value managed by the questionnaire author and is not expected to be globally unique. For example, it might be a timestamp (e.g. yyyymmdd) if a managed version is not available. There is also no expectation that versions can be placed in a lexicographical sequence.

There may be different questionnaire instances that have the same identifier but different versions. The version can be appended to the url in a reference to allow a reference to a particular business version of the questionnaire with the format [url]|[version].

A natural language name identifying the questionnaire. This name should be usable as an identifier for the module by machine processing applications such as code generation.

The name is not expected to be globally unique. The name should be a simple alphanumeric type name to ensure that it is machine-processing friendly.

Support human navigation and code generation.

A short, descriptive, user-friendly title for the questionnaire.

This name does not need to be machine-processing friendly and may contain punctuation, white-space, etc.

The status of this questionnaire. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the content.

Allows filtering of questionnaires that are appropriate for use versus not.

The lifecycle status of an artifact.

The types of subjects that can be the subject of responses created for the questionnaire.

If none are specified, then the subject is unlimited.

One of the resource types defined as part of this version of FHIR.

A particular question, question grouping or display text that is part of the questionnaire.

The content of the questionnaire is constructed from an ordered, hierarchical collection of items.

An Extension

Information captured by the author/maintainer of the questionnaire for development purposes, not intended to be seen by users.

Allows capture of todos, rationale for design decisions, etc.

If true, indicates that the extended item should not be displayed to the user.

If an item is hidden, all descendant items are hidden as well. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The type of data entry control or structure that should be used to render the item.

Different controls may be appropriate for different item types. It is up to the system rendering a questionnaire as to what controls it will support and for which data types. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

User interface controls or widgets used for questionnaire items.

The data type is CodeableConcept to allow for additional codings that might provide finer-grained control information or specification of specific controls in different rendering environments. CodeableConcept.text is generally unnecessary for this element and should not be sent alone as the use-case for this element is for computable interpretation by rendering engines.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The data type is CodeableConcept to allow for additional codings that might provide finer-grained control information or specification of specific controls in different rendering environments. CodeableConcept.text is generally unnecessary for this element and should not be sent alone as the use-case for this element is for computable interpretation by rendering engines.

Identifies the desired orientation when rendering a list of choices (typically radio-box or check-box lists).

Systems may choose to wrap answers rather than attempting to display them all in one row or column. Language conventions may determine the order in which the choices are listed (left-to-right or right-to-left, etc.). See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The maximum number of times the group must appear, or the maximum number of answers for a question - when greater than 1 and not unlimited.

Only relevant if the element has repeats=true and there's a need to constrain the number of allowed repetitions. 【JASPEHR】繰り返し UI に非対応のシステムの場合、item.repeats = "true" が設定された項目について、itemMaxOccurs の回数分だけ、あらかじめ繰り返した状態でフォームを描画する。

A regular expression that defines the syntax for the data element to be considered valid.

【JASPEHR】 Fixed value: "^([ -~]|\n|\t)+$" は "半角英数字記号・改行・タブ" である。本項目が設定された item のテキストボックス入力時、IME を無効ないしは OFF に制御する。

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The inclusive lower bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The inclusive upper bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

Identifies the maximum number of decimal places that may be specified for the data element.

For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide. This specifies the maximum number of digits that can appear after the decimal point in a number. It counts all the digits to the right of the decimal point when the number is written out in full, standard decimal form (without 'e' or 'E'). For example, a number in scientific notation like 1.23e-4 equals 0.000123 when expanded; it would be consistent with a maximum number of decimal places of 6 or more.

Initial value for a question answer as determined by an evaluated expression.

Initial value is only calculated at the time the QuestionnaireResponse is first generated.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The media type of the language for the expression.

The media type of the expression language.

Calculated value for a question answer as determined by an evaluated expression.

Calculated value is updated as other answers in the QuestionnaireResponse are filled in.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The media type of the language for the expression.

The media type of the expression language.

Provides a computable unit of measure associated with numeric questions to support subsequent computation on responses. This is for use on items of type integer and decimal, and it's purpose is to support converting the integer or decimal answer into a Quantity when extracting the data into a resource.

The human-readable unit is conveyed as a display element. This element is for computation purposes.

Specifies a query or other expression that identifies the resource (or set of resources for a repeating item) to be extracted from this item once the QuestionnaireResponse is complete.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

If value is of type 'code', then the extraction is always the creation of a new resource of the specified type.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The media type of the language for the expression.

The media type of the expression language.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

An identifier that is unique within the Questionnaire allowing linkage to the equivalent item in a QuestionnaireResponse resource.

This ''can'' be a meaningful identifier (e.g. a LOINC code) but is not intended to have any meaning. GUIDs or sequential numbers are appropriate here.

QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.

A short label for a particular group, question or set of display text within the questionnaire used for reference by the individual completing the questionnaire.

These are generally unique within a questionnaire, though this is not guaranteed. Some questionnaires may have multiple questions with the same label with logic to control which gets exposed. Typically, these won't be used for "display" items, though such use is not prohibited. Systems SHOULD NOT generate their own prefixes if prefixes are defined for any items within a Questionnaire.

Separating the label from the question text allows improved rendering. Also, instructions will often refer to specific prefixes, so there's a need for the questionnaire design to have control over what labels are used.

The name of a section, the text of a question or text content for a display item.

When using this element to represent the name of a section, use group type item and also make sure to limit the text element to a short string suitable for display as a section heading. Group item instructions should be included as a display type item within the group.

The type of questionnaire item this is - whether text for display, a grouping of other items or a particular type of data to be captured (string, integer, coded choice, etc.).

Additional constraints on the type of answer can be conveyed by extensions. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

Defines the format in which the user is to be prompted for the answer.

A constraint indicating that this item should only be enabled (displayed/allow answers to be captured) when the specified condition is true.

If multiple repetitions of this extension are present, the item should be enabled when the condition for any of the repetitions is true. I.e. treat "enableWhen"s as being joined by an "or" clause. This element is a modifier because if enableWhen is present for an item, "required" is ignored unless one of the enableWhen conditions is met. When an item is disabled, all of its descendants are disabled, regardless of what their own enableWhen logic might evaluate to.

Allows questionnaires to adapt based on answers to other questions. E.g. If physical gender is specified as a male, no need to capture pregnancy history. Also allows conditional display of instructions or groups of questions.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The linkId for the question whose answer (or lack of answer) governs whether this item is enabled.

If multiple question occurrences are present for the same question (same linkId), then this refers to the nearest question occurrence reachable by tracing first the "ancestor" axis and then the "preceding" axis and then the "following" axis.

Specifies the criteria by which the question is enabled.

The criteria by which a question is enabled.

A value that the referenced question is tested using the specified operator in order for the item to be enabled.

Allowed values to answer questions.

Controls how multiple enableWhen values are interpreted - whether all or any must be true.

This element must be specified if more than one enableWhen value is provided.

Controls how multiple enableWhen values are interpreted - whether all or any must be true.

An indication, if true, that the item must be present in a "completed" QuestionnaireResponse. If false, the item may be skipped when answering the questionnaire.

Questionnaire.item.required only has meaning for elements that are conditionally enabled with enableWhen if the condition evaluates to true. If an item that contains other items is marked as required, that does not automatically make the contained elements required (though required groups must contain at least one child element). The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

An indication, if true, that the item may occur multiple times in the response, collecting multiple answers for questions or multiple sets of answers for groups.

If a question is marked as repeats=true, then multiple answers can be provided for the question in the corresponding QuestionnaireResponse. When rendering the questionnaire, it is up to the rendering software whether to render the question text for each answer repetition (i.e. "repeat the question") or to simply allow entry/selection of multiple answers for the question (repeat the answers). Which is most appropriate visually may depend on the type of answer as well as whether there are nested items.

The resulting QuestionnaireResponse will be populated the same way regardless of rendering - one 'question' item with multiple answer values.

The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition. 【JASPEHR】繰り返し UI に非対応のシステムは maxOccurs の値だけ、あらかじめ該当 item を繰り返した状態でフォームを描画する。

Items may be used to create set of (related) questions that can be repeated to give multiple answers to such a set.

The maximum number of characters that are permitted in the answer to be considered a "valid" QuestionnaireResponse.

For base64binary, reflects the number of characters representing the encoded data, not the number of bytes of the binary data. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

A reference to a value set containing a list of codes representing permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition. 【JASPEHR】当面は answerOption を使用。本項目を利用する場合、選択肢の外部リンクに対応できない電子カルテ等システムについては、Questionnaire からテンプレート形式に変換する際に参照先の Value set をテンプレートに埋め込む、等の対応が必要になる。本項目の運用を開始する場合は、本取り組み参加各施設へ確認が必要である。

One of the permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

This element can be used when the value set machinery of answerValueSet is deemed too cumbersome or when there's a need to capture possible answers that are not codes.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

Allowed values to answer questions.

One or more values that should be pre-populated in the answer when initially rendering the questionnaire for user input.

The user is allowed to change the value and override the default (unless marked as read-only). If the user doesn't change the value, then this initial value will be persisted when the QuestionnaireResponse is initially created. Note that initial values can influence results. The data type of initial[x] must agree with the item.type, and only repeating items can have more then one initial value.

In some workflows, having defaults saves time.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The actual value to for an initial answer.

The type of the initial value must be consistent with the type of the item.

Allowed values to answer questions.

Text, questions and other groups to be nested beneath a question or group.

There is no specified limit to the depth of nesting. However, Questionnaire authors are encouraged to consider the impact on the user and user interface of overly deep nesting.

Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

Only relevant if the element has repeats=true and there's a need to constrain the number of allowed repetitions. 【JASPEHR】繰り返し UI に非対応のシステムの場合、item.repeats = "true" が設定された項目について、itemMaxOccurs の回数分だけ、あらかじめ繰り返した状態でフォームを描画する。

【JASPEHR】 Fixed value: "^([ -~]|\n|\t)+$" は "半角英数字記号・改行・タブ" である。本項目が設定された item のテキストボックス入力時、IME を無効ないしは OFF に制御する。

If a question is marked as repeats=true, then multiple answers can be provided for the question in the corresponding QuestionnaireResponse. When rendering the questionnaire, it is up to the rendering software whether to render the question text for each answer repetition (i.e. "repeat the question") or to simply allow entry/selection of multiple answers for the question (repeat the answers). Which is most appropriate visually may depend on the type of answer as well as whether there are nested items.

The resulting QuestionnaireResponse will be populated the same way regardless of rendering - one 'question' item with multiple answer values.

The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition. 【JASPEHR】繰り返し UI に非対応のシステムは maxOccurs の値だけ、あらかじめ該当 item を繰り返した状態でフォームを描画する。

LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition. 【JASPEHR】当面は answerOption を使用。本項目を利用する場合、選択肢の外部リンクに対応できない電子カルテ等システムについては、Questionnaire からテンプレート形式に変換する際に参照先の Value set をテンプレートに埋め込む、等の対応が必要になる。本項目の運用を開始する場合は、本取り組み参加各施設へ確認が必要である。

A structured set of questions intended to guide the collection of answers from end-users. Questionnaires provide detailed control over order, presentation, phraseology and grouping to allow coherent, consistent data collection.

The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.